Public awareness of scientific studies into the consequences of radiation exposure in the low-dose range is growing, heightening social debate about the associated risks. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) is currently revising the fundamental recommendations to ensure that the latest research results can be taken on board in an appropriate manner. Interpreting these results poses a challenge due to the inherent uncertainties in the database and the complex nature of the subject matter. At the same time, there is growing pressure to use technical resources to reduce radiation exposure still further.